Cov cim qhia tseem ceeb uas tau muab tso rau hauv Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoos Thib 14, suav nrog lub peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob dav dav thiab qhov sib piv ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas tsis yog fossil, yuav tsum ua tiav raws li tau teem tseg. Kev ruaj ntseg hluav taws xob ntawm ntau dua 1.4 billion tus tib neeg yuav raug lav zoo. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev txhim kho ntsuab thiab qis carbon tau txais kev saib xyuas thoob ntiaj teb, thiab lub tebchaws tau dhau los ua tus tsav tsheb tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb. Hauv qab no, kuv yuav piav qhia txog kev nce qib thiab kev ua tiav hauv plaub qhov tseem ceeb.
Ua ntej, lub sijhawm Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoos thib 14 yog lub sijhawm tsib xyoos uas muaj zog ntau thiab muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua. Thaum plaub xyoos thawj zaug ntawm txoj kev npaj no, kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau nce mus txog 1.5 npaug ntawm tag nrho lub sijhawm Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoos thib 13. Nws tau kwv yees tias kev siv hluav taws xob tshiab hauv tsib xyoos yuav dhau qhov kev siv hluav taws xob txhua xyoo ntawm European Union. Peb tau ua kom nrawm dua kev tsim kho lub zog tsim khoom, muab khoom, khaws cia, thiab faib khoom kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau hluav taws xob uas loj hlob sai. Xyoo 2024, kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv tebchaws tau tshaj 10 trillion kilowatt-teev, suav txog ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho thoob ntiaj teb. Tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim tau sib npaug li kwv yees li 5 billion tons ntawm cov thee txheem, sawv cev rau ntau dua ib feem tsib ntawm tag nrho thoob ntiaj teb, ua kom muaj kev muab hluav taws xob ruaj khov thiab txaus. Tau tsib xyoos dhau los, kev faib cov peev txheej hluav taws xob tau raug kho kom zoo dua. Lub network hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog hauv tebchaws, uas suav txij sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob, sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, thiab txuas mus rau txawv teb chaws, tau txhim kho zoo heev. Qhov no tau hloov pauv cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov peev txheej hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab thiab sab hnub poob mus rau hauv kev txhim kho zoo thiab muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau cov xeev tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam los ua tus thawj coj hauv kev txhim kho. Hauv thaj chaw sab hnub tuaj, 40% ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov channel xa hluav taws xob loj xws li "West-to-East Power Transmission," "West-to-East Gas Pipeline," thiab "North-to-South Coal Transport." Peb tau txhawb nqa kev muab hluav taws xob, roj, thiab roj rau tib neeg txoj kev ua neej, muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov teeb meem thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho lub peev xwm los xyuas kom meej tias muaj kev nkag mus rau lub zog hauv tsev. Thaum lub sijhawm Tsib Xyoos Txoj Kev Npaj 14, Tuam Tshoj tau tsim lub network them hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nrog ob lub chaw them rau txhua tsib lub tsheb, txhim kho qhov yooj yim rau pej xeem. Peb tau teb rau cov xwm txheej ntuj tsim, rov qab muab hluav taws xob sai tshaj plaws thiab tiv thaiv cov kab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb rau tib neeg txoj kev ua neej.
Qhov thib ob, lub sijhawm Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoos thib 14 yog theem ceev tshaj plaws ntawm kev hloov pauv ntsuab thiab qis carbon. Tuam Tshoj tau tsim lub ntiaj teb lub zog rov ua dua tshiab loj tshaj plaws thiab loj hlob sai tshaj plaws. Qhov feem pua ntawm lub zog rov ua dua tshiab hauv lub peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 40% mus rau kwv yees li 60%. Lub peev xwm tshiab txhua xyoo rau lub zog cua thiab photovoltaic tau dhau mus dhau 100 lab, 200 lab, thiab 300 lab kilowatts, ua tiav kev loj hlob tseem ceeb. Qhov ceev thiab qhov muaj zog ntawm txoj kev loj hlob no tsis tau muaj dua li. Kev siv hluav taws xob tab tom hloov mus rau qhov chaw ntsuab. Ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv hluav taws xob, ib qho ntawm txhua peb kilowatt-teev yog tsim los ntawm lub zog ntsuab. Hauv tebchaws, qhov feem pua ntawm lub zog tsis yog fossil hauv tag nrho cov kev siv hluav taws xob yuav nce ntxiv 1 feem pua txhua xyoo, dhau 20% lub hom phiaj teem tseg thaum lub sijhawm Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoos thib 14. Lub caij no, qhov feem pua ntawm cov thee yuav txo qis 1 feem pua txhua xyoo. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawm kev nce lub zog huv thiab kev txo qis kev siv thee tau txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev xa khoom cua thiab cov khoom siv photovoltaic tau txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm kwv yees li 4.1 billion tons thoob ntiaj teb, ua rau muaj kev pab txhawb rau kev hloov pauv carbon tsawg thoob ntiaj teb.
Qhov thib peb, lub sijhawm Tsib-Xyoo Thib 14 tau pom tias muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog lub zog thiab kev tsim kho tshiab. Tuam Tshoj ua tus thawj coj thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev siv tshuab tshiab thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub teb chaws tuav ntau dua 40% ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj hluav taws xob tshiab thoob ntiaj teb. Kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv photovoltaic thiab lub peev xwm ntawm lub zog cua hauv hiav txwv tau teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb ntau zaus. Hauv ob peb xyoos, qhov ntsuas ntawm kev khaws cia hluav taws xob tshiab tau nce mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb. Cov haujlwm xws li Baihetan Hydropower Station, lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear tiam thib peb "Hualong One," thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob txias roj kub plaub tiam tau ua tiav thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav roj thiab roj, kev hloov pauv tau ua tiav ntawm qhov tob tshaj 10,000 meters hauv av thiab hauv cov chaw nyob hauv hiav txwv tob tshaj 1,000 meters hauv qab dej hiav txwv. Cov "khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws" no ua piv txwv rau Tuam Tshoj lub peev xwm tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis muaj zog. Cov qauv lag luam tshiab thiab cov ntawv tab tom vam meej. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov microgrids ntse thiab cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob virtual tau nkag mus rau hauv txoj kev ceev. Tus qauv loj ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub tsheb mus rau lub grid tab tom nrawm dua. Kev lag luam fais fab tau koom ua ke nrog cov lag luam xws li kev tsim khoom thiab kev thauj mus los. Cov teb tshiab thiab cov kev txhim kho tshiab tseem niaj hnub tshwm sim, ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom tshiab.
Plaub, lub sijhawm Tsib-Xyoo Thib 14 yog cim los ntawm kev txhim kho kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob tas mus li thiab kev txhawb nqa kev txhim kho. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov koom haum thiab cov cai tau raug hloov kho sai sai. Kev tsim kho lub khw muag hluav taws xob hauv tebchaws tau nrawm dua. Lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm thee thiab cov chaw muaj zog tshiab tau nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam tag nrho, nrog rau txhua tus neeg siv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam koom nrog. Lub network roj thiab roj hauv tebchaws tau tsim thawj zaug. Txoj Cai Hluav Taws Xob tau tshaj tawm thiab siv, txhim kho ntxiv kev tswj hwm macro thiab cov txheej txheem tswj hwm kev lag luam. Kev ua lag luam muaj zog tab tom ua kom nws tso tawm sai dua. Tus lej ntawm cov lag luam sau npe hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob tau txog 970,000, tsib zaug ntawm xyoo 2020. Kaum txoj kev ntsuas los txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm cov lag luam hluav taws xob ntiag tug tau raug qhia. Feem ntau ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom siv photovoltaic thiab ntau dua 60% ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim cua turbine yog cov tswv cuab ntiag tug. Hauv qee qhov project fais fab nuclear, cov tuam txhab ntiag tug tuav txog li 20% feem. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov tuam txhab ntiag tug tau dhau los ua lub zog tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob.
Txij li thaum pib ntawm Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoos thib 14, thaum ntsib teeb meem nyuaj thiab hloov pauv hauv tebchaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb, Tuam Tshoj tau tiv thaiv nws txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub zog thiab tsim txoj hauv kev Suav teb mus rau kev txhim kho lub zog zoo, muab tus qauv zoo rau kev hloov pauv lub zog thoob ntiaj teb.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-28-2025